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Snowshoe hares display limited phenotypic plasticity to mismatch in seasonal camouflage

Marketa Zimova, L. Scott Mills, Paul M. Lukacs, Michael S. Mitchell
Published 11 March 2014.DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0029
Marketa Zimova
Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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L. Scott Mills
Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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Paul M. Lukacs
Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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Michael S. Mitchell
US Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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    Figure 1.

    Coat colour phenology, snow cover and degree days at the Gardiner study site, MT (17/9/2010 to 9/7/2012), with autumn seasons on the left and spring seasons on the right. (a) Weekly average of observed coat colour of 51 hares (2010 (red), 2011 (black) and 2012 (blue)). Dotted lines show the results of Bayesian change point analyses, giving the 95% credible intervals for the mean dates of initiation and completion of the colour moult for each season each year. (b) Weekly average of observed snow cover in a 10-m radius around each hare. (c) Degree days as a measure of cooling trend in the autumn and warming trend in the spring.

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    Figure 2.

    Spring moult phenology reaction norms of hares at the Gardiner study site, MT (17/9/2010 to 9/7/2012). (a) Autumn coat colour moult phenologies of six individual hares observed over two autumns. (b) Autumn (left) moult reaction norms of the individuals shown in (a) combined, and spring (right) moult reaction norm of one hare observed over two springs. Each coloured line represents reaction norms of a different individual in year 2011 (dashed line) and either 2010 or 2012 (full lines).

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    Figure 3.

    Probability of presence of a hare at a resting spot with percentage of snow cover at the Gardiner and Seeley Lake study sites, MT (9/17/2009 to 7/9/2012). Dashed lines show 95% confidence intervals.

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7 May 2014
Volume 281, issue 1782
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences: 281 (1782)
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Keywords

camouflage mismatch
crypsis
phenology
phenotypic plasticity
climate change
snowshoe hare
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Snowshoe hares display limited phenotypic plasticity to mismatch in seasonal camouflage
Marketa Zimova, L. Scott Mills, Paul M. Lukacs, Michael S. Mitchell
Proc. R. Soc. B 2014 281 20140029; DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0029. Published 11 March 2014
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Snowshoe hares display limited phenotypic plasticity to mismatch in seasonal camouflage

Marketa Zimova, L. Scott Mills, Paul M. Lukacs, Michael S. Mitchell
Proc. R. Soc. B 2014 281 20140029; DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0029. Published 11 March 2014

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