Data Supplement
Files in this Data Supplement:
- Figure S1 - Measured (black circle) and estimated (solid red line) aragonite saturation (Ωar, x-axis) at stations sampled for pteropods. Estimated values are based on a linear mixed effects model that included CTD temperature and oxygen concentration as predictor variables. Note that stations 57, 65, 87, and 95 in the central and southern CCE have shallower depths (45 m, 40 m, 38 m, and 33 m, respectively)
- Table S1 - The position and depth of samples containing Limacina helicina helicina f. pacifica collected with a 333 µm mesh vertical Bongo net over the vertically integrated depth of 100 m at the investigated stations, along with depth-integrated abundance (ind m-2), shell size range (mm), life stage in the fraction of the undersaturated (Ω<1) water. For dissolution analyses, sample size (N) and the proportion of severe (Type II and Type III) dissolution are provided.
Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Planview maps. (a) Depth of the aragonite saturation horizon along the US West Coast. (b) Per cent of upper 100 m of the water column in the CCE estimated to be undersaturated during the (b) pre-industrial time and (c) the August–September 2011 time period. Pteropod station locations are indicated by numbers within the squares (c) and are referred to in figure 3.
- Figure 2.
SEM images of shells of the pteropod Limacina helicina helicina f. pacifica sampled during the 2011 cruise showing signs of in situ dissolution from (a) an onshore station, with the entire shell affected by dissolution, and (b) from the offshore region, with only the protoconch (first whorl) affected. Indicated in the figure are: a, intact surface; b, Type I dissolution; and c, severe dissolution (Type II or Type III): see Material and methods for description of dissolution types. (Online version in colour.)
- Figure 3.
Proportion of pteropods with severe shell dissolution as a function of the percentage of the water column in the upper 100 m that is undersaturated with respect to aragonite. Station locations from figure 1c are shown with each symbol. The fitted regression line (solid line) and 95% prediction confidence band (dashed lines) are overlaid.
Tables
- Table 1.
Mean percentage of the water column that was undersaturated with respect to aragonite and mean proportion of individuals with severe shell dissolution across all stations sampled during the 2011 West Coast survey under present-day conditions (2011) and assuming reductions (pre-industrial) and increases (2050) to in situ measurements of DIC. (The relationship estimated in figure 3 was used to estimate the probability of observing severe shell damage under in situ DIC concentrations measured in August 2011. Proportions were converted to percentages for clarity.)
pre-industrial 2011 2050 percentage of undersaturated water (100 m) all stations 4 29 53 bottom depth < 200 m 8 48 72 bottom depth > 200 m 0 13 38 mean proportion of ind. with severe shell dissolution all stations 18 38 57 bottom depth < 200 m 21 53 71 bottom depth > 200 m 16 24 45
Volume 281, issue 1785
