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Decoupled diversification dynamics of feeding morphology following a major functional innovation in marine butterflyfishes

Nicolai Konow, Samantha Price, Richard Abom, David Bellwood, Peter Wainwright
Published 2 August 2017.DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0906
Nicolai Konow
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01852, USA
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  • For correspondence: nicolai_konow@uml.edu
Samantha Price
Department of Evolution and Ecology, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Richard Abom
School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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David Bellwood
School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, AustraliaARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Peter Wainwright
Department of Evolution and Ecology, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Abstract

The diversity of fishes on coral reefs is influenced by the evolution of feeding innovations. For instance, the evolution of an intramandibular jaw joint has aided shifts to corallivory in Chaetodon butterflyfishes following their Miocene colonization of coral reefs. Today, over half of all Chaetodon species consume coral, easily the largest concentration of corallivores in any reef fish family. In contrast with Chaetodon, other chaetodontids, including the long-jawed bannerfishes, remain less intimately associated with coral and mainly consume other invertebrate prey. Here, we test (i) if intramandibular joint (IMJ) evolution in Chaetodon has accelerated feeding morphological diversification, and (ii) if cranial and post-cranial traits were affected similarly. We measured 19 cranial functional morphological traits, gut length and body elongation for 33 Indo-Pacific species. Comparisons of Brownian motion rate parameters revealed that cranial diversification was about four times slower in Chaetodon butterflyfishes with the IMJ than in other chaetodontids. However, the rate of gut length evolution was significantly faster in Chaetodon, with no group-differences for body elongation. The contrasting patterns of cranial and post-cranial morphological evolution stress the importance of comprehensive datasets in ecomorphology. The IMJ appears to enhance coral feeding ability in Chaetodon and represents a design breakthrough that facilitates this trophic strategy. Meanwhile, variation in gut anatomy probably reflects diversity in how coral tissues are procured and assimilated. Bannerfishes, by contrast, retain a relatively unspecialized gut for processing invertebrate prey, but have evolved some of the most extreme cranial mechanical innovations among bony fishes for procuring elusive prey.

Footnotes

  • Electronic supplementary material is available online at https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3825523.v4.

  • Received April 27, 2017.
  • Accepted June 26, 2017.
  • © 2017 The Author(s)
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16 August 2017
Volume 284, issue 1860
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences: 284 (1860)
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Keywords

functional disparity
biting feeding mode
design breakthrough
ecological threshold
key innovation
Chaetodontidae
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Decoupled diversification dynamics of feeding morphology following a major functional innovation in marine butterflyfishes
Nicolai Konow, Samantha Price, Richard Abom, David Bellwood, Peter Wainwright
Proc. R. Soc. B 2017 284 20170906; DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0906. Published 2 August 2017
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Research article:

Decoupled diversification dynamics of feeding morphology following a major functional innovation in marine butterflyfishes

Nicolai Konow, Samantha Price, Richard Abom, David Bellwood, Peter Wainwright
Proc. R. Soc. B 2017 284 20170906; DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0906. Published 2 August 2017

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